![]() Table 1 provides detailed information on the studies that reported on each subtheme. The remaining 48 studies (37%) covered other types of physical activities as well as structured exercise programmes. Sixty-one studies (46%) investigated speci fi cally structured exercise programmes, such as exercise for falls prevention, strength training, yoga and walking groups, whereas 22 studies (17%) focused on other types of physical activities, such as walking and leisure-time physical activities. Fewer studies (15%) included participants from long-term care facilities, assisted-living facilities and hospitals. In the majority of included studies (85%), participants were considered community dwellers. ![]() Twenty-four studies (18%) restricted participant inclusion to indigenous or immigrant populations (eg, Korean and Vietnamese immigrants living in the USA South Asians living in England). The studies were conducted in 24 countries with most conducted in the USA (42%), UK (14%) and Canada (14%). The mean age reported among included studies ranged from 60 to 89 years. Characteristics of included studies are described in the online supplementary appendix table S2. ![]() In total, 132 studies involving 5987 participants were included ( fi gure 1). Our strati fi ed analysis com- pared themes and subthemes between structured exercise programmes and other types of physical activity. When a study referred to any type of physical activity, the study was categorised as a combination of structured exercise programmes and other types of physical activity. When a study clearly referred to physical activities other than structured exercise programmes, such as household activities, walking for leisure or transport, other forms of active transport, running and other leisure-time physical activities, the study was categorised as other types of physical activity. Exercise programmes for falls prevention, yoga, Tai Chi, line dancing, walking groups and programmes that incor- porated different types of training such as strength, balance, aerobic and/or fl exibility were considered as structured exercise programmes. When a study clearly referred to a subset of physical activity considered to be planned, structured and repetitive for the purpose of conditioning any part of the body, the study was categorised as structured exercise programme. The type of physical activity investigated in the included studies was categorised into three groups: structured exercise programmes, other forms of physical activity or combination of both (ie, structured exercise programmes and other types of physical activity). We also conducted a strati fi ed analysis to investigate whether the themes and their subthemes differed according to type of physical activity. 0.9.0 Beta 14 (Source-Forge Inc., Mountain View, California, USA). 19 An analytical thematic schema was also developed to extend the fi ndings of primary studies, by identifying conceptual links across themes and using mind mapping software Freemind V. All authors reviewed the preliminary analysis to ensure that key data were captured from included studies and discussed concepts for similarities and differences. ![]() All included studies were re-read to ensure that relevant data were captured and appropriately inte- grated into preliminary themes and subthemes. Translation of concepts across studies was then performed by grouping similar concepts and cre- ating new ones when necessary. One reviewer (MRF) performed line-by-line coding of the fi ndings of the primary studies and recorded concepts on the older adult perspectives on physical activities. 2.8.3 (ResearchWare Inc., Randolph, Massachusetts, USA) software. Participant quotations and text under the ‘ results ’ or ‘ fi ndings ’ sections from each study were entered verbatim into HyperRESEARCH V. ![]() We used thematic synthesis to synthesise the fi ndings. independent reviewers (MRF and RZP) assessed each study and resolved any disagreements by discussion. ![]()
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